Un grupo de científicos de la Universidad de Helsinki (Finlandia) han concluido que las mujeres que sufren periodontitis tienen una probabilidad casi cuatro veces mayor de no quedarse encinta.
La investigación de 12 meses de duración ha contado con la colaboración de 256 mujeres, que intentaban quedarse embarazadas, con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y los 42 años.
Las participantes han sido sometidas a lo largo de este proceso a diferentes evaluaciones odontológicas y ginecológicas para examinar el grado de implicación de las bacterias asociadas la periodontitis –Porphyromonas gingivalis y Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans– en la gestación. Para ello, los científicos analizaron la presencia de las bacterias y anticuerpos en la saliva y en la sangre.
Al término del estudio, los expertos han observado con mayor frecuencia la presencia de estos microorganismos en el líquido segregado por las glándulas de las mujeres que no han logrado su objetivo.
Algo similar ha ocurrido con los niveles de anticuerpos frente a la bacteria. Las nuevas madres han mostrado un índice inferior en su saliva.
Sobre los resultados
“Nuestros datos enfatizan la necesidad de que las mujeres jóvenes en edad fértil cuiden de su salud oral y se sometan a evaluaciones periodontales de forma regular”, ha explicado la directora de la investigación, Susanna Paju, en declaraciones a la revista Journal of Oral Microbiology.
Otros problemas
Lo cierto es que este no es el único inconveniente en la relación periodontitis-embarazo. Mucho se ha escrito sobre los problemas que genera esta infección bacteriana de los tejidos de los dientes en mujeres encinta.
Uno de estos es el reseñado por el periodoncista de la Sociedad Española de Periodoncia (SEPA), Héctor Juan Rodríguez, “desde hace años se conoce que si una mujer embarazada tiene inflamación en las encías, especialmente si tiene periodontitis, aumenta el riesgo de que el resultado del embarazo sea pretérmino”.
Además, el especialista recuerda unas pautas básicas para combatir y evitar la infección. “Se recomienda un mínimo de dos cepillados dentales diarios, aunque lo ideal sería después de cada comida; conviene utilizar un cepillo suave al estar la encía más inflamada; y se debe hacer una correcta higiene interdental, al menos una vez al día”.
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